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Okulandelayo-Okuqhubekayo Ilanga leSolar Izobuchwepheshe
Izeli Zokhiwo Ezingcono Kakhulu: I-PERC, I-HJT, nezibonakaliso ze-Tandem
Isifundo se-teknoloji yezinkundla zasolari sikhula kakhulu ngokwesimo sezintshisekelo nezimali lezinto ezikhona. Sebenzisa izinkundla ze-PERC, umzekelo - lezi zinkundla zazinzuzi nokugcina ekuqaleni futhi abakulungiswa abaningi bathi ziyizinto ezibuyisela imidlalo. Lezi zinkundla zihlala zifinyelela kabusha ngenkathi 22% noma kangcono ngoba zenhla yomphakathi wokugcina okusobala okwenzela ukuthi izikhalazo azithunyelane futhi zicime kahle, ngakho ke sithola amandla angaphezu kusilinganiso sawo kusolari. Kanti-ke kukhona teknoloji ye-HJT apho baphindaphinda izigaba ezincane zabafilmu ne-silicon esijwayelekile. Yini okwenza lokhu kube luhlaza kangaka? Kusebenza kahle kakhulu noma kube khona indawo ethile ekupheleni iphaneli, into eyengezayo kakhulu kwiiphaneli ezijwayelekile. Izinombolo zokusebenza kule ndawo zihlala ziyekwa phezulu kunesikhathi 25%. Sibeke phansi futhi izinkundla ze-tandem. Lezi zinhlelofatshe ezide zibanjwe ngamathuba amahle, hhayi njengale perovskite ngaphezulu kwesilicon. Abasebenzi basebhalile bavela ukuthi bafinyelela kangenkathi 30% emaceleni, okuma kubalulekile kakhulu uma kuthathwa ukuthi kusebenzisa kakhona kumsebenzi wasekhaya.
Iphaneli Zesolari Ezigcwele: Ukuhlangula Ukunyusa Kwe-Energy
Iphaneli zesolari ezigcwele zisebenza ngendlela eyodwa kunezinye ngoba zondla ubusuku ezintweni zombili, akudala ngaphandle. Isiphumo? Kukhona inzuzo enkulu ekunyuseni kwezinhlayiya. Izinkomba zibonisa ukuthi lezi phaneli zingathola kusukela ku-10% usukela ku-20% kunoma izihlangothi, okwenzela ukuthi zibe nemininingwane engcono kakhulu. Ukuze uthole okuningi kukaqedi, abasebenzisi bebeka lezi phaneli phezulu kumhlabathi futhi ngamanye amaxesha bafaka phakathi kwemithombo emhlophe noma yemibala embalwa eyobisayo ubusuku. Lezi zimpendulo zihlukanisa kakhulu ekusebenzeni. Sabe sibone iphaneli ezigcwele isebenza kahle kude kube khona izindawo ezijulile kuye kube khona izindlu zokuhlala nezimali. Ziyakhishwa ngaphezu kwezinye emakhaya apho kukhona imithombo ethembekile, njengezindlu zomhlaba noma i-salt flats. Kowabona okufuna izisusa zangaphambilini zesolari, lo teknoloji linikeza into ethembekile nokuhlonishwa kwegesi ngaphandle kokuthinta kabusha ikhanda.
Izixhumanisi Zesiliva Nezibophezulu Zomthombo Weziliva
Izelula zesiliva zeziliva zenzelula umdlalo wokuthuthukiswa kweziliva ngoba zilula kakhulu futhi zingabandakanyi, zenzela kakhulu ezindaweni apho izipara eziphathelene azikwazi ukufaka. Lezi zelula izikhathi zinzwa ngezinto ezithile njenge-cadmium telluride noma izimfundo ze-organics, okunika konke lokhu kubophaza okumangalisayo abhangqi bafisela. Sibona manje ukuthi kusebenziswa emakhaya wonke. Iziluma zesiliva ezinamandla zingalunga kakhulu emakhaya futhi ethu amandla ahlanzekileyo. Isiphazamiso esihle sifana xa kususwa emadwalini okunye emasontweni angahambelani apho izipara eziphathelene azisebenzi. Lokhu kugcinwa kungavumela abakhethi ukufaka isiliva ngaphandle kokulahla ubuciko. Amadodakade kudinga kakhulu ngoba ububi bokuba bendable kusho ukuthi isiliva singafanisana nembala yezinkundla zamanje esingenjalo.
Izixhumanisi Zesiliva Ezenziwe Ngobuchwepheshe Nokuhlanganiswa Kwe-AI
Ukuphatha Kwamandla Okuhlelwe Ngobuchwepheshe Weziluma Zesiliva
Ukwenza kwakhiwa kwezinhlelo yokuphatha imithamo ngokugcwele ku ukulunga kwezephandlo izimo. Uma i-AI ibheka ulwazi olusha njengezimo zezulu ezozakwa futhi kanjalo konke abantu bakhetha ukusebenzisa lezi zinhlelo, kuyakwakha kube yimali engcono. Le theknoloji ikuvumela le zinhlelo ukulungisa ukusetshenziswa kwemithamo yazo ngokushesha, ngakho kusebenza kahle ngelokho kususe umthamo. Fakazani izinkukhu zomdlalo. Lezi nge-AI zingathula ubunzima bazo uma akukho muntu ekuseni futhi zibekise phansi uma kuzothinta izimo eziphaphazelayo. Izilinganiso zombanda zibonisa ukuthi izinhlelo ezivuselelwe yi-AI ziphathe imithamo ngaphezulu kuka 30% kunazo ezidala. Futhi lokhu kusho ukuthula kwezindleko kuye ngowaphatha imithamo ngaphezulu kwezidingo zezinto eziphakeme, lokhu kuyisimilo esihle kubo bonke abasebenzisa izinto ezinzile ngaphandle kokuthintela igumbi.
Ukuhlola Kwamandla Nokudlulisela Ngaphandle
Inthanethi yezinto, noma IoT, yayisenzakalapha ekubeni isibonakaliso sesilayithi yesolari sishintshwe, kuvumela ukulawula nokulandela lezi zinhlelo ngendlela ephambene. Ngokusetshenziswa teknoloji ye-IoT, singalandela ukusebenza njengoba kusenziwa, lokhu kusho ukuthi sifinyelela imiba ngokushesha futhi siyikhiphe kabefore iyaba yinkinga enkulu. Manje amadodana angapansi kwamazulu ayabona iziphumo ezilungile ngokufaka izilwayithi zesolari ezihlotshanisiwe ku-izinhlelo ze-IoT. Lezi zinhlelo ezinezici ezinconyiwe zilandelayo, njengekuhlola kuthini okukhathalisekile ngaphandle kokuthumela umuntu, kanye nokuthumela izaziso lapho kudingeka ukulandela. Fakazani umzekelo ovela kumjelo wengqalasizi enguqulethini eludala lasekupheleni kweminyaka yaleli, lapho ukuhlotshanisa kwe-IoT kakhulise isikhathi esiphelile kumahluko kanye nokunceda izindleko zokulungiswa ngama-15 iphesenti ngoba inqanawa ingakwazi ukubhekisa izinkinga phambi kokuba zingene. Okwenzela konke lokhu kube nobuhle kukuthi imiba esingekho yizonakalo iyisodwa ivikelwa kabefore izilayithi zegolide zidume, zivikele izindlu zethu zilandelene khona nakutheni.
Izivivanywayo Ezinezimo Nezinhlelo Ezingaphendulwa Kugridi
I-inverters ezigcwele zidlaya indima ekhulu ekwenzeni izixhobo zokulunga kwegogo zasolari zisebenze ngakumbi ngokuphatha indlela amandla afudumele kuzo kwaye zenze ukuba siphatha ngendlela efanelekileyo amandla. Xa zifakiwe ngendlela efanelekileyo, lezi ziphaphu zancinane zenza ukuba iipaneli zasolari zisebenze ngokulinganayo, ziyenza amandla oqobo (DC) owangcwelwa kwiipaneli kuamandla obulumko (AC) okwenzekelayo esidlangalaleni kwaye kumakhaya ngendlela efanelekileyo. Iziphaphu ezimeva zinembile kakhulu kwi-inverters ezigcwele ngoba zinika amandla ethulelo aphathelene apho umgudu wamandla angafihli kangako okanye uphinde uphinde uphazamise. Um fact ukuba izixhobo zasolari zingasebenza ngaphandle kumgudu mveliso wamandla unika ubunzima bomgudu ngexesha loophazamo kwaye kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla esiqhamo xa kudingeka amandla ocwangciso. Ngaphambili, le teknoloji isixhobo sezimali zomoya zimnandi ngenxa yokunika izisombululo zomthwalo wamandla abantu abahlala emva kakhulu kumakhaya abo abanobuxoki bokungcono kakhulu.
Izisombululo Zomthwalo Wamandla Asolari Ezilawuliwa Ngaphandle
Amalight ye-Solar angaphandle kwegridi kumazwe amadala namaholo
Kumazwe amaningi angaphandle kwezindawo ezimeva, ukulungisa kwesilisa ngaphandle kwegridi akuyona futhi yindlela engcono kodwa kuyindilinga ekuphileni uma akukho umnyango wamandla. Lezi zimiso zesilisa ziyenza isiphumo esikhulu emsindweni wabantu, kuyiza izindlu ngomusa, kunciphisa imigomo yesimo sezulu, kunciphisa imigomo yokuphila, kunciphisa imigomo yokuhlukunyezwa, kunciphisa imigomo yokushiswa kwekerosene eyenzela ukuchithwa kwesimo sezulu phakathi kwendlu. Sebenzisa umsebenzi kaSolarAid entabaneni yase-Afrika njengomboniso ongcono—bathumela miliona yezi silisa esincane yasilisa ezingaphandle kwegridi kumadodana angaphandle kwegridi, kunciphisa imigomo yokuphila engenayo indlela yokushiswa kwekerosene eyenzela ukuchithwa kwesimo sezulu phakathi kwendlu. Okunyanzelwa kukwazo kuzinzile kakhulu nokusebenza kweziphaneli ezintsha ezenza lokhu kusabela kwasilisa kakhulu futhi ne-batteries ebaleni amandla kude, ngakho-ke noma kube khaza ngomhlana, abantu bafuna ukulungiswa ngomusa. Abantu basekuqaleni bathola ukuthi ukuguquka ku-solar kunciphisa izindleko zokugula kwezempilo kusobala, kunciphisa ixesha elisuselwa ekudliseni umthi, kunciphisa izindleko zokufunda, kunciphisa izindleko zokuphila kakhulu kanye nokufunda kakhulu kubantwana ukuthi baphile kanye nabafunde kahle.
Amabhamu e-Solar efenjwayela: Ukulawula Kwakhiwa Kwezimali Ezenzulwini
Izindlu zokhiqiza izolo eziqaqa kumanzini ziya kuba nzima ngokuthi zinikeza indlela ethembekile yokhiqiza amandla ngaphandle kokulima indawo ebalulekile yasehlabathini. Sifaka lezi zinhloso kumjikeliso wamazibuko kanye namazigaba apholile apha kumanzini lapho umphathi opholile okunakeleyo wamanzi ukhona, okwakuyisebenza kahle kakhulu izikhangela zosobo. Kukhona amavivinyo athi ukufaka izikhangela kumanzini kungakha phakathi kwesikhombisa sezinga labo ngama-10%, ngisho lokho kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba manzi ohlanganayo ayahlanya. Bheka ukusabalala kuzindawo ezithile njengeChina neJapan—sebeziveza izinhlalo zokhiqiza izolo eziqaka kumanzini ezisemthethweni. Lezi zinqubo azidingeki ziyiyo kuphela ukuthola i-electricity; zilahlela ukuphazanyiswa kwamanzi futhi zilahlele ukugayaza kumanzini, okuyisimilo esihle kubhubhu kanye nabanye abantu bomzimba. Ngaphandle kokuthuthela izinkokhelo zethu zokhiqiza izolo, lezi zinhloso ziqhamuka indima yokuhlenga amanzi ethu emehlweni futhi zixhashe isimo sezintshisekelo eziphila ngezansi kwamanzi.
Amaphrojekthi Aphilileyo Kwegolide Ethelelweyo Ngumphakathi
Xa izindlu zemifuleni zilawula izinhlangano zabo ze-solar lighting, zithola ulawulo lwezimo labo le-enerji ngaphandle kokulondoloza ukusiza kakhohlo. Le ndlela isiza ekulomkonyeni ngenyoka ye-enerji futhi isekela imidwa yokuqala. Indlela lezo zenzakalo zisebenza kuyisicaba kangangokwesobala. Abantu bahlenga ngokuphatha kusuku lwesibili, basondelani ukulungiselela phambi kuphi izipha ziya kuhlala, zifakwa ngempela, bese bazilungiselela xa kudingeka. Lokhu okunakekelwa kwenziwa ngokuxhasa konke kube yisimo esihlukile. Nika i-Solar Sister ehlanzekela. Bayafundisa abafana e-Afrika ukufaka na ukuzila izinhlangano ze-solar. Kutheni okubuye kusekelwa? Iziga zabalimi zibaluleka ukulungelela kwazo emva kwegugu eziningi ngaphandle kwebala elinconyiweyo. Lezo zenzakalo zilandelayo ezenziwa yizindlu ziminyakathini zibambeza ukusetshenziswa kwe-fossil fuel futhi. Iziga zabalimi zishaya imali engaphezu kwezinkomba ezinezindlela ezikhethekile kuma-kerosene noma ama-diesel generators. Futhi kunjalo lokhu okuthile okuthi kusebenzela kahle. Xa iziga eziningi zibuye kwe-nye ye-clean energy, izindlu zonke zibanjwa njengoba zibona izikhathi ezilungile kwezimali nezigaba zombuso zezinto zonke.
Imisebenzi Eyanzelekileyo Kukwakhiwa Kwesithombe Se-Solar
Izimboni Ezihlakaniphileyo Nezindlela Zokwakha
Abawakhiwa abawakhiwa ngaphandle kwezibhamu zasolari manje bakhathazeka kakhulu ngokusebenzisa izimboni ezingayibi intando. Ukuhlelwa kula migaqo kukhishwa ngenkinga yokunciphisa ukuphuma kwecarbon njalo. Abaninzi basebenza ngokulandela izinhlelo zomnotho ohlangothi, ngakho ke izinto zabo ziwakhiwa ngamathambo atholakala futhi okwenzelwa kusenjini. Abaningi abakhubazi kule ndawo bahlala bamele isimo esisha njengezibhamu ezihlukahlukene nezincwadi ezitholakala ngemfundo ethembekileyo. Isahluko esisha esitholakele i-International Renewable Energy Agency sisho lokhu kungaholela ekunciphiseni kokuphuma kwecarbon kabusha ngama-45%. Noma le nombolo ibonakala ihlakanipha, okubaluleke kangaka kukhona ukubona ukuthi izikhalo ziyacabanga kanjani lezi ziqiniso zentando xa zisebenza.
Ukuthuthuka Kwemigomo Yokudonsa I-Solar Panel
Isifundo se-recycling yamapaneli okuqina kuyenzenza ubuchwepheshe ngokuthuthukisa izinkinga zokulahlekelwa futhi kunceda umhlaba wethu kube mponene. Manje, imithodi ephethwe emva yesilinge isikhathi singathola kabusha kusukela ku-90 ukuya ku-95 phesenti yezinto ezibalulekile kuma-paneli ahleli. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kukhona okuncane kokulahlekiswa okuhleli emakhazini futhi kukhona okuningi kokusebenzisa futhi izimetali ezinzima nezinqubo ezisetshenziswayo kuma-paneli. Buka futhi izinkampani ezigcwele ngempela. Injongo ye-European PV Cycle iphumelela kakhulu emkhawulweni omkhulu, ngelika lezo ezinye njenge-Recycle Solar Panels e-Amerika ekubonisa ukuthi sithintela kangakanani ukugcina amandla okuqina abagcotshiwe. Lezi zinkampani zesilinge isikhathi zikunceda ukuthula ububi bokholo kumhlaba okuthiwa ngu-installations yamandla okuqina ngasikhathi.
Ukunciphisa Umphumela Wokhabhoni Kusistimu Yezibane Zomthubi
Kubalulekile ukunciphisa uhlathi lwesikhwama kusistimu yezibane zasolari uma sifuna ukwenzela ngokwempilo ekuphileni kwisimo sezulu. Kukhona izindlela eziningi okungaba khona ngokujikeleza. Uma izigaba zokwakha zihlanza izinqamuzana zazo nezingozi zomlando futhi ziyishintsha kuze kube yizingozi eziphucayi ngenkathi yenzela, bakhona bonke ababiliqaka bezenzela ngendlela ethile. Abantu baseNjiman yeke indlela eyanelayo yokuthutha teknoloji yesolari wayengenisa isilinganiso sangaphandle kwehlathi lwesikhwama ngaphezu kuka-30 kabusha ngonyaka omkhulu kuphela. Ukuhambisa kuma renewable kukwenza umsebenzi omkhulu ekunciphiseni isimo sezulu esihlukile, lokhu kuyadinga ukuthini ukuthi amandla ayingcwele ayikhetha izisombululo zesibane. Lezinye izinkundla zilandelayo zinakeka ukuphila kwethu kodwa futhi zenza imfundo engcono ekugcineni.
