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Izindawo eziyisikhathi sezinsuku ziyabhekana nezinkinga eziningi ukuthi zilungisele izindleko zokusebenzisa imithwalo yomhlaba ngaphandle kokukhupha umsebenzi wokubeka amalayiti emhlabeni. Izilawuli zenkanyezi zasekhanda zibonisa indlela eyisikhathi sezinsuku yokulungisa lezi zinkinga ngokudlula ngokuthi zihamba izulu kumthwalo wokubeka amalayiti ekuseni. Lezi zixhobo zokubeka amalayiti ziyabhekana nokuziphatha ngokwesibonelo, zikhipha ukunakekela kwemithwalo yomhlaba yezindawo zokubeka amalayiti emhlabeni kanye nezindawo zokubeka amalayiti emhlabeni, okuvuma ukuthi kufakwa izindleko zokusebenza kanye nezidingo zokulungisa umhlaba. Ukuzwela ukuthi izilayiti zokubeka amalayiti zokusebenza ngamandla esilaka zilungisele kanjani umsebenzi wokubeka amalayiti emhlabeni kuzindawo ziyavona ukuthi le teknoloji iyisifundo sokubeka amalayiti esibonelo sokulungisa umhlaba, okuyisifundo esingapheliyo kubantu abasebenza ngokubeka amalayiti, abahleli bokubeka amalayiti, kanye nabafundi abasebenza ngokubeka amalayiti.
Izindlela zokusebenza ngokulinganisa kwezilayithi zasekhanda zokuphatha isithunzi ziyaphakamisa ukusebenza kusukela ekubeni kuphatha isithunzi. Lezi zinhlelo zihlanganisa izintshwema ezimangalisayo ezingaphansi kwezinkulungwane zezibhateri, izisikhombisa sokuhamba, nezindlela zokuphatha i-LED okufanele ukuze zizame ukuphatha isithunzi ngokuphelele ngalokho okugcinwa. Uma zihambiswe ngokuphelele futhi zifakwa ngokuphelele, lezi zilayithi zasekhanda zokuphatha isithunzi zizama ukuncima izimali zokusebenzisa umthwalo wokuphatha isithunzi ngasemphakathini ngamashumi ayisithupha, futhi zihlela ukuthunywa, ukubonakala kahle, nokusebenza ngokuphelele kwezindawo zokuzalwa, zokusebenza, kanye nezindawo zokusebenza ngokuvamile.
Izindlela zokusebenza ngokulinganisa kwezilayithi zasekhanda zokuphatha isithunzi
Ukuguqula isithunzi nokuqondisa ukugcina
Izibani ezisebenza ngelanga zisebenzisa amaseli e-photovoltaic aguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube amandla kagesi agcinwe kumabhethri e-lithium noma e-lead-acid. Ukusebenza kahle kwalokhu kuguqulwa kunquma ngokuqondile ukuthi izibani zelanga ezisebenza ngophahla zisebenza kahle kangakanani ebusuku. Izibani zelanga zanamuhla zisebenzisa amapaneli e-monocrystalline noma e-polycrystalline anezinga lokuguqulwa elifinyelela kumaphesenti ayishumi nesishiyagalombili kuya kwamashumi amabili nambili, okusho ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yokukhanya kwelanga okuwelayo iguqulwa ibe yi-charge kagesi esebenzayo. La mandla agcinwe amandla anika amandla ama-LED anikeza ukukhanya okugxile ekukhipheni ukushisa okuncane, okuqinisekisa ukuthi izibani zelanga zigcina amazinga okuqhakaza ahambisanayo ngisho nasezinsukwini ezinamafu noma ngezikhathi zobumnyama obude.
Ubuchwepheshe be-LED Nokwenza Ngcono Okukhiphayo
Ukuhlanganisa kwezindlela zokusebenzisa izilayithi zokubeka imihlaba yasezulwini kuyabonakala kakhulu xa sibheka ukusebenza kwazo kwezilayithi zokubeka imihlaba (LED). Izilayithi zokubeka imihlaba zidinga amandla angaphezu kahle kulokho okudingekayo ngokwesikhathi sokusebenza kwezilayithi zokubeka imihlaba zokuphela noma zokuhlanza ukuze zisikele isibonelo esifanayo. Izilayithi zokubeka imihlaba yasezulwini ziyatholakala ngokuvamile ku-60–100 lumens ngamandla omunye watt, ngaphandle kwe-15–20 lumens ngamandla omunye watt ezilayithini zokubeka imihlaba zokuzisa ngaphandle. Lokhu kubonakala kakhulu kwezilayithi zokubeka imihlaba yasezulwini kusiza ukuthi zibeke imihlaba emagumbini ngokwamanzi akutholakalayo ngemini kuphela, futhi kususa ukuthi zisebenze ngokwamanzi wasekhaya ngemini ngokwesikhathi sokubeka imihlaba emagumbini noma emagumbini amaningi. Ukudibaniswa kwezilayithi zokubeka imihlaba yasezulwini nezilayithi zokubeka imihlaba kwenza umphumela wokusebenza kahle okuphakathi kwezilayithi zokubeka imihlaba yasezulwini.
Amehluko Okusebenza Kwezilayithi Zokubeka Imihlaba Yasezulwini Ngokwesikhathi Sokusebenza Kwemigumbi
Ukunciphisa Ukuthatha Kwezimali Zokusebenza Nokukhula Kwemigumbi
Ukufaka izilayithi zesola zasegqamani kunciphisa ngokupheleleyo ukusebenza kwemithombo yezimali zokusebenza kwisikhulu, ikakhulu ema-peak evening hours lapho ukunakekelwa kwesilayithi sesigqamani kuyaphakama. Amasitezi okusebenza okwesola zasegqamani kuzo zonke izindawo zokungena kwemoto, izindlela zokuhamba, nezindawo zokugcina isikhulu sizobika ukunciphisa ngamashumi amathathu ku-kuhlanu kwezimali zokusebenza kwesilayithi sesigqamani. Lokhu kunciphisa futhi ukusebenza kwezimali zokusebenza, izihluzi zokusebenza, nokukhula kwesikhulu sokusebenza, okungaba yinkululeko yokubeka imizimba yezimali ezingcono. Ngaphezu kwezimali zokusebenza zokuvalelwa ngokushesha, izilayithi zesola zasegqamani zihlela ukusobala kwesikhulu ngokuthi akukho ukunakekelwa okuphakama ema-peak evening hours, ikakhulu kumazwe onazo izilayithi zesigqamani eziningi. Umphumela wokugcina izilayithi zesola zasegqamani kuzo zonke izindawo ziyabona ukuthi kunciphisa ukusebenza kwesikhulu ngokujwayelekileyo, okuyaphakama kumalungelo okusebenza nokuplaninga kwezimali zokusebenza ngokudala.
Ukusebenza ngaphandle kokulandelwa kanye nokusebenza ngokupheleleyo
Ukuqonda okukhulu kwemithombo yezilumkiso zokuphepha kwe-solar kuyisibonelo sokusebenza ngokulinganayo ngokuphepha kwezilumkiso zokuphepha zokuzenzakalelayo. Izilumkiso zokuphepha zokuzenzakalelayo ziyadinga ukubuyisela izilampu ngokuphelele, ukuchitha izilumkiso, ukudibanisa amaphutha, nokuzivocavoca izinhlangano zokuphepha. Izilumkiso zezilumkiso zokuphepha kwe-solar zihlinzeka lezi zinhlangano zokuzenzakalelayo ngokuphelele ngoba izibatthiri ne-LED zinomkhathi wokusebenza ophezulu okungu-5 ku-10 iminyaka, futhi izikhumba zokuphepha ziyadinga ukuchitha kuphela ngokuphelele. Lokhu kuhlinzekile kusuka kwezinkinga zokusebenza ngokuphelele nokusebenza ngokulinganayo. Amasiteki okusebenza ngokuphepha kwe-solar ayizindawo zokusebenza ngokuphelele, izindlela zokuthengisa izinto zokusebenza, nokuthintana kwezinhlangano zokusebenza ngokuphelele, kodwa kuyenza ukuthi amasiteki okusebenza aye aphinde abhekise amathuba kwezinhlangano zokusebenza zokuzenzakalelayo.
Iziphumo zokugxilwa kanye nesiphumo sokusebenza ngokulinganayo kwezindawo zokusebenza zonke
Amathuluzi esiqondisi kanye nokuphepha okufanayo
Amasolayi okuphakathi kwezinkampani zokugcina izulu zisetyenziswa ngemithombo yokuqonda ukuthi kukhona umuntu, ukuthi kubizwa ukuthi kungaphakathi kwesikhathi sokuzululwa, nokuthenga amathuluzi okuqondisa ukuthi kuyilapho. Lezi zinhlobo zezinkampani zokugcina izulu zisetyenziswa ngokuphelele uma kuthiwa ukuthi kukhona umuntu, futhi zibeka isikhathi sokusebenza ngaphandle kokuthi kusetyenziswa ngokungafanele. Amasolayi amaningi okuphakathi kwezinkampani zokugcina izulu ayisebenzisa amandla emkhosi wokuphatha indawo yokusebenza ukuze kwenziwe ukuphatha kakhulu nokubheka ukuthi kuyasebenza njani. Lokhu kubiza ukuthi kuyasebenza ngokuphelele ukuze kungabikho ukuthi kubizwa kakhulu, ukuthi ibatteri iyadlula isikhathi sokusebenza, nokuthenga amandla ngokuphelele. Amasolayi okuphakathi kwezinkampani zokugcina izulu apho akhethwa ngokuphelele abonisa ukuthi kunezidingo zokuphakama kwezinkampani zokugcina izulu ngokuphakama kwe-15–30% ngaphezu kwezinkinga zokuphakama kwezinkampani zokugcina izulu, okubonisa ukuthi ukuthenga ngokuphelele kubiza ukuthi kuyasebenza ngokuphelele.
Ukuphakama Kwesigaba Sokuvikela Nokuthenga Kwesigaba Sokusebenza
Amasimbi amadala esolile ayenza ubukhulu bakho bokuphatha indawo ngokuphelele ngokuphatha kahle ngokubaluleka kokubheka ngomzuzu ngaphandle kokuthunywa kwemithambo yezimali. Amathuba ayisisekelo kwezindawo zokubheka ngaphandle kokuthunywa kwemithambo yezimali, ngokuvikela ukuthi akufanele kubhekwe ngokuphatha kahle ngokubaluleka kokubheka ngomzuzu. Amasimbi amadala esolile ayabheka ngokuphatha kahle ngokubaluleka kokubheka ngomzuzu kwezindawo zokubheka, ngokuvikela ukuthi abantu abangafanele bafikele, nokunciphisa izinkinga zokuphatha kahle ngokubaluleka kokubheka ngomzuzu. Lokhu kukhona kwezinkinga zokuphatha kahle ngokubaluleka kokubheka ngomzuzu, ngokunciphisa izinkinga zokuphatha kahle ngokubaluleka kokubheka ngomzuzu nokuthunywa kwemithambo yezimali. Amathuba athi amasimbi amadala esolile ayasebenza ngokuphatha kahle ngokubaluleka kokubheka ngomzuzu, ayabonisa ukuthi ubukhulu bakho bokuphatha indawo bukhona ngokuphatha kahle ngokubaluleka kokubheka ngomzuzu, ngokuphatha kahle ngokubaluleka kokubheka ngomzuzu nokuthunywa kwemithambo yezimali.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Kuphi umkhondo wokusebenzisa amasimbi amadala esolile ngonyaka?
Izilayili zokugcina esihlanjeni sezulu zisaveka phakathi kwezinkulungwane ezimbili nezinkulungwane eziyishumi, futhi zisaveka phakathi kwezinkulungwane ezishumi nezinkulungwane ezintathu ngomnyaka, ngokuphatha kwezindawo zezwe, imithombo yewesi, inombolo yezilayili, nokusebenza kwazo. Umkhakha owesibini osebenzisa izilayili zokugcina esihlanjeni sezulu eziyishumi ezinguqukile kuzo zonke izindawo zokugcina nezindawo zokufaka amakhombe kusobala ukuthi kusavekwa izinkulungwane ezimbili nezinkulungwane eziyishumi ngomnyaka, noma izinkulungwane ezishumi nezinkulungwane ezintathu ngomnyaka, emazwe aphakathi kwezinkulungwane ezimbili nezinkulungwane eziyishumi. Ukubala ukusaveka kufanele kubone isilinganiso sokufaka, okusobala ukuthi kufika ekuphelweni kwakho phakathi kwezinkulungwane ezishumi nezinkulungwane ezintathu ngeminyaka yezinkulungwane ezimbili nezinkulungwane eziyishumi emazweni aseNtshonalanga yaseNingizimu Afrika nezwe laseYurophu.
Imithombo yewesi yini eyikhipha ubukhulu bezilayili zokugcina esihlanjeni sezulu?
Amasimu okuhlanza emhlabathini ayasebenza kahle futhi emazwe apho amafu abe ngezinsuku, kodwa ukusebenza kuyiphakade kusukela kwezinsuku zokuhlakanipha kanye nezinsuku zokufana kwamafu. Amazwe apho ayifumana izinsuku eziningi kunezinsuku eziyisine zokuhlakanipha ngosuku uyakwazi ukubona ukungafani kwezindawo zokuhlakanipha. Amashiliza, amandla, nokugcina kwezinye izinto kuzincwadi zokuhlanza ziyabeka isibonelo sokusebenza, kuyadingeka ukucwashwa kancane. Izindlela zokwenza amasimu okuhlanza emhlabathini ezintsha ziyagcina izincwadi zokuhlanza kanye nezinkambo zokuphepha izinto ezinamandla okuvikela izimo ezingavumelekile.
Ngabe amasimu okuhlanza emhlabathini angashintsha yonke imikhumbi yokuhlanza emhlabathini?
Amalayeli we-solar aqhubeka ngokupheleleyo kubukhwele, kubuso, kumaphathwa, nokuzilahlekelwa kwezindawo zokuhlala, kodwa kungamahluleka kuzinye izindlela zokusebenza ezidinga ukubheka kakhulu noma ukusebenza kusuku ngaphakade emazulwini apho kukhona ubuncinane bezibonakaliso. Izindawo zokusebenza ezingaphezulu kanye nezindawo zokuhlonipha ziyabenefta kakhulu kusuka kwezindlela ezihlanganisa amalayeli we-solar nezimalayeli zokusebenza ngokusebenzisa umthelela wokusebenza. Iinkulungwane zonke ziyafumana ukusebenza okupheleleyo ngokuthi zisebenzisa amalayeli we-solar kuzinye izindlela zokusebenza ezinzima kakhulu, futhi ziqinisekisa ukusebenza kwezimalayeli zezintandokazi kuzinye izindawo ezidinga ukubheka kakhulu nokusebenza kusuku ngaphakade.
