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Izilawuli zenkanyezi zasekhanda babe yisisekelwa ngokukhulu kakhulu kubunqwalaselo bokuphakamisa emzini, kubonisa abahlali basekhaya nabazalisi isilumkiso sokuphakamisa esinamandla okuphakamisa okuncane ukuthi sibonelele amathuba okuphakamisa kwezindawo zokuphakamisa ngaphandle, futhi kusobala kakhulu ukuthi kuyisipho sokuphakamisa kwezindawo zokuphakamisa ngaphandle. Kepha, ubude beminyaka nobukhulu bomsebenzi wabahleli bokuphakamisa ngaphandle besolasi buphendula izinto eziningi eziphambanana ngezinye ezithi kungani lezi ziqondiso zizoba zisobala kakhulu kuzo zonke izinsuku zeminyaka. Ukuzwela izinto ozokubhekisa kuzo xa uthatha isibonelo sokuthenga kubalulekile ukuze uthole isilumkiso sokuphakamisa esinamandla okuphakamisa esingasekho kuzo zonke izimo zewesi nezinkathi zeminyaka.
Ukuphakanyiswa kwezilayithi zokuphakama kwesola ezindaweni zokuxhumana nezulu kubhekwa ngokulinganisa ubukhulu bekho, ukuxhumana nokusebenza kwemvelo, iziphakamiso zesayithi, nokwenza izikhathi zokulungisa. Ngisho noma yisiphi isifundo esibonakalayo, sisebenza kakhulu ekuphakanyiseni isikhathi sokusebenza kwezilayithi zokuphakama kwesola zakho futhi ukuvikela ukungasebenzi kahle okanye ukungafani kahle ngokusha. Ngokubheka lezi zifundo eziphambili zokuphakanyiswa, abahlali basekhaya bangakhetha izilayithi zokuphakama kwesola ozobona ukuthi ziyaphambana kahle nezimo ezingavumelekile zokuxhumana nezulu futhi ziyaphambana kahle ngokusha.
Ukubhalwa Kwemithombo Nokuphakanyiswa Kwezinhlobo
Imithombo Yezindawo Zokugcina Nokugcina
Umbhali wokuvikela we-solar wall lights uyadetermina ukuthi izinto ezimayelana ngezindawo zokugcina ziyakwenzani ngokuhle ukukhathala kwezinkinga zokuphatha kwendawo nezinkinga zokubuyiselwa. I-solar wall lights ezingaphansi kwezimali ephambili zisetyenziswa izinto ezinamandla njenge-stainless steel, aluminum alloy, noma izinkampani zezinkampani eziqondile okuzokhathala kwezinkinga zokubuyiselwa, kwezinkinga zokubuyiselwa, nokubuyiselwa kwe-UV. Uma i-solar wall lights ibuyiselwa ngamazinto angavumelekile, ayakwenzeka akhathalekile kwezinkinga zokufika kwamafuta, izinkinga zokusebenza kwezilivu, nokubuyiselwa kwezinto. I-solar wall lights eziphambili zinamabhali amandla eneziphakathi eziphakeme okuzokhathala kwezinkinga zokufika kwamafuta emvula enkulu noma kwezinkinga zokuphatha kwendawo. Ubude nobunzima bezinto zobhali bakhathala kakhulu ukuthi i-solar wall lights yakho iyakwenzani ngokuhle ukukhathala kwezinkinga zokuphatha kwendawo nezinkinga zokufika kwamafuta emizwini yasekhaya.
Ubunzima be-battery ne-photovoltaic panel
I-bhatari phakathi nezikhumba zokugcina amandla ziyizinto ezingaphambili ezinconywa ukuthi zihlale zisemthwakathini kwezilayitha zokugcina amandla zokusebenza ngokushesha. I-bhatari ephakeme yezilayitha yase-lithium noma ye-NiMH esetyenziswa kwezilayitha zokugcina amandla ezigqamile zinomlando wokusebenza okuhle kunazo ezincinci, zivumela ukuthi zibe nesikhathi eside sokusebenza ngokushesha ngokungafani noma ngokuphazimula kwezimali. Izikhumba zokugcina amandla kwezilayitha zokugcina amandla ezigqamile zihlale zinomlando wokuguqula amandla okufana ngokushesha nakulokuqondwa kwezinkanyezi nezinkinga zokuchaza isikhathi. I-zilayitha ezingaphansi zokugcina amandla zinabantu ababili abaningi abanobhatari obuncinci obuzoba kubadala kancane, bafutshwa ukuthi bafutshwe kusukela ku-1 ku-2 kwezinsuku. I-zilayitha eziphakeme zokugcina amandla zinamandla okuphatha i-bhatari okunengxenye yokuphatha ukuthi akwazi ukubhala kakhulu, ukubhala kancane, nokuzimela kwezinkinga zokuchaza isikhathi, ngakho-ke zihlale zinomlando wokusebenza okude kwezinye zezindawo zokugcina amandla.
Ukubhekwa kwezinhlobo zokuhlala kwezinsuku nezinhlobo zokuhlala kwezinsuku
Iindlela Eziphezulu Nezibophezulu Kumntla Wokuguquguquka Kwesikali
Ukuguqula kwezintemperatura kuyasebenza kakhulu ekubhaleni ubukhulu bekuphatha kwezilayithi zokuphakama kwesola emazweni amabili. Ukuthanda okuphakeme kusenza izinto ezihlukene zezilayithi zokuphakama kwesola ukuba zihlukane, ngakho-ke ukuthanda okubi kusenza kuzoba nezinkinga eziphakeme kwezinkampani zokugxila, izikhumba, nokugxila kwezindawo zokugxila ngaphakathi. Izilayithi zokuphakama kwesola ozwenzelwe ukusebenza kumazwe aphakeme kuzokwenzela izinto ezinamandla okuvikela ukuguqula kwezintemperatura ngaphandle kokugqibela noma ukuphatha kwezindawo zokugxila. Emazweni aphakeme ukuguqula kwezintemperatura ngokwesikhathi, izilayithi ezingabiyo zokuphakama kwesola zizokhulula ngokwesikhathi sokuqala sokuzwa noma sokushisa ngokwesikhathi sokugqibela noma ukuphatha kwezindawo zokugxila. Izilayithi eziphelele zokuphakama kwesola ziyakwenzwa ukuze zisebenze ngempilo kumathuba okwesintemperatura okuhambisana nomthwalo wokuthi yizintemperatura ezingu -10°C ku-60°C noma ngaphezulu. Iziphakade zokuphatha kwezintemperatura zomkhumbu nwezinto zokugxila ngaphakathi ziyakubhekisa ngokuphelele indlela esebenza ngayo izilayithi zokuphakama kwesola ngokwesikhathi sokuguqula kwezintemperatura.
Ukukhathaza Kwemifula Nezinovhu
Ukubhukuda kwamandla okuhlanzekile kuyisibonelo esikhulu sokugcina isibindi sobuchwepheshe bamasonto abasekhaya ekuseni. Amadwe, amafog, amadew, nokuhlanzekile kwenza izimo lezinto zokuhlanzekile ziyakwenzela ukuthi amanzi azamele emaphakathi emaphepha amancane emasimini okuhlanzekile, okuzamelela ukuthi kubhekwe isibindi, ukuthwabha kwezinto zokuphatha ezinkulu, nokuhlula kwesibindi. Izinto eziningi zokusebenza ngamandla okuhlanzekile ezigcina isibindi zinomlando wokuhlanzekile we-IP65 noma okuphambili, okubonisa ukuthi ziyakwenzela ukuthi amanzi aqhubeka ngokuthwabha nokufika kwezinye izindawo ngaphandle kokuthwabha. Izinto ezisebenzisa izinto zokusebenza ngamandla okuhlanzekile ezigcina isibindi ziyakhathazeka ukuthi zingathwabhi ngokuthwabha kwezincwadi, ukuthwabha kwezinto zokuhlanzekile, nokuthwabha kwezinto zokuhlanzekile ezikusha kwezindawo zokuphatha noma kwezindawo zokulima. Izinto ezincane zokusebenza ngamandla okuhlanzekile azinomlando wokuhlanzekile okungafanele, okuvumela ukuthi amanzi azamele emaphakathi kwezinto zokusebenza futhi azamelela ukuthi isibindi, i-LED, nokuthwabha kwezinto zokuphatha kuzamele. Izinto zokusebenza ngamandla okuhlanzekile zezincwadi zokuthwabha nezinto zokuthwabha kwezinto zokusebenza ngamandla okuhlanzekile zinomlando wokuthwabha okunconywa, okuvumela ukuthi izinto zokusebenza ngamandla okuhlanzekile zizamele ukuthi zihlale zisebenza futhi zilungele ukubona ngokuthi zihlala ngeminyaka eyinhlanhla.
Izinkimbinkimbi Zokudesigna nezindlela Zokufunda
Ukuhlanza Kwemithambo Yezibhalo Ne-ukuthenga Kwakho
Ukubhala kwe-photovoltaic kunye nokuthi yisiphi isikhundla sokusebenza kusindisa ngokupheleleyo indlela okungakhathalisekile ngayo izilayithi zasekhanda zokusebenzisa amandla wezulu ukufunda emini, okuyinto eyodwa ukuthi yiziphi izinkathi zokusebenza nezinkathi zokubhala ezinkulu emini. Izilayithi zasekhanda zokusebenzisa amandla wezulu ngezinhlobo eziphakeme kanye nezinhlobo zokusebenza okuphakeme kunciphisa amandla angaphele ngokuphakeme nangeminyaka engaphansi kwezulu noma emaphakathi aphakade. Lokhu kubhekiswe kakhulu eminyakeni yomhla wokuzalwa lapho izinkathi zokubhala ziyincane. Izilayithi zasekhanda zokusebenzisa amandla wezulu ezweni lokusebenza okuphakeme kunciphisa ukusebenza okupheleleyo nangeminyakeni engaphansi kwezulu, kuvumela ukuthi izilayithi ziyasebenza ngokupheleleyo ngokuphakeme kunezinkathi zokusebenza. Izilayithi zasekhanda zokusebenzisa amandla wezulu ezincane noma ezincane kunciphisa amandla angaphele, okubhekiswe kakhulu ekubhaleni kwezinkathi zokubhala, okubhekiswe kakhulu ekubhaleni kwezinkathi zokubhala. Ukukhetha ukudala izilayithi zasekhanda zokusebenzisa amandla wezulu ngezinhlobo ezincane kanye nezinhlobo zokusebenza okuphakeme kunciphisa ukuthi izilayithi ziyasebenza ngokupheleleyo ngokuphakeme kunezinkathi zokusebenza.
Ukusebenzisa i-LED futhi ukubhekana kwezindlela zokukhanya
Ukuthi i-LED (light-emitting diode) iyasebenzisa imithombo yezinkulungwane zokubeka izibonakaliso ezisemaphandleni kwe-solar iyadetermina amathuba okubheka, ukubonakalisa amabala, nokuphila kwezibonakaliso. Izibonakaliso ezisemaphandleni kwe-solar eziphawulekile zisebenzisa i-LED chips eziphawulekile ezikhethekile ekubhekweni kwazo ngokuphawulekile kuzo konke ukusebenza kwa-20 000 ku-50 000 amahora. Ngemuva kwezinsuku, izibonakaliso ezisemaphandleni kwe-solar ezingenabukhona kwe-LED zizobhekana ngokuphansi kwezinye noma kuzoba nezilinganiso zabaleni, okubonisa ukuthi izinto zazihlukile. Izibonakaliso ezisemaphandleni kwe-solar ezintsha ziyasebenzisa izinhlelo zokuphatha ukubhekana ngokomphilo ozinhlaka, okuyakunciphisa ukusebenzisa umthelela kodwa ukubhekana kuyakwenzeka ngokuphelele. I-circuitry yale-LED driver emazibonakaliso ezisemaphandleni kwe-solar eziqondile iyavikela isibonakaliso kwezilinganiso zokuphamba kwe-voltage kanye nezinkinga zokuphanda. Izibonakaliso ezisemaphandleni kwe-solar ezenziwe ngokuthi zilungiselela ukuphanda kuyavikela ukuthi kungabi nempilo eyinkulu yokuphanda okuyakucimisa ukuphila kwe-LED kanye nokuhlukana kokubhekana. Ukulungiswa kwezibonakaliso ezisemaphandleni kwe-solar ngokuphatha ukuphanda kuyakunika ukuthi ukubhekana kuyakwenzeka ngokuphawulekile kanye nokuphawulekile ngamashumi amashumi amabili amasibili.
Imisebenzi Yokuhlanzwa Nokufunda Izindlela Zokufaka
Imisebenzi Yokuhlanzwa Ngokupheleleyo Nokuhlanza
Ukusebenza kwezilayithi zomoya zokushisa kungahlelwa ngokupheleleyo ngokuhlanza ngokupheleleyo nokuhlanza. Amadusti, amapolleni, izibhobho zebhodhi, nemifula yezinto ezingafanele kuyabuka kumaphaneli we-photovoltaic walezilayithi zomoya zokushisa, kubeka ukuthi kuzokwenta ukuthi akwazi ukuthenga umoya wokushisa nokugenera umoya wokusebenza. Ukuchaza okupheleleyo kwemphaneli yomoya zokushisa kusiza ukuthi lezilayithi ziyasebenza ngokupheleleyo kanye nokusebenza ngokupheleleyo. I-lens yokuvikela i-LED kulezilayithi zomoya zokushisa kufanele ichazwe ngokupheleleyo ukuze kuvikeleke ukunciphisa ukukhanya. Ukubona ukuthi kunezinkinga zomoya, ukuthwasa, noma izinkinga zokugqamisa kusiza ukubona izinkinga zezilayithi zomoya kabefore zizame ukungasebenza ngokupheleleyo. Imisebenzi eyodwa yokuhlanza ekwenzeni kulezilayithi zomoya zingasiza ukuthi zisebenze ngokupheleleyo ngeminyaka emibili, kubeka ukuthi kubhekiswe ngokupheleleyo ukuthenga kwezilayithi zomoya zokushisa zokuphakama.
Indawo Yokufaka Futhi Ukuphakamisa Kwakho Kuphakade
Lapho futhi kanjani izibani zelanga ezisetshenziswa odongeni zifakwa kunomthelela omkhulu ekuqineni kwazo isikhathi eside nasekusebenzeni kwazo okuthembekile. Izibani zelanga ezifakwa ezindlini ezichayeka kakhulu emini zikhokha kahle, kuyilapho izakhiwo ezinomthunzi ziphumela ekungcolisweni kwamandla nokukhanyisa okuphansi ebusuku. Ukufakwa kahle kwezibani zelanga ezisebenza odongeni ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufakwa okuzinzile kuvimbela ukulimala okuhlobene nokudlidliza nokucindezelwa kwemishini ezingxenyeni zangaphakathi. Izibani zelanga ezisebenza ngelanga ezibekwe ukuze zinganciphisi umoya oqondile ziveza ukucindezeleka nokudlidliza okuncane okungase kukhulule kancane kancane ukuxhumana noma kunciphise ukuvalwa. Izindawo ezivumela ukugeleza komoya okwanele ezungeze izibani zelanga ezisebenza odongeni zikhuthaza ukuphathwa okungcono kokushisa futhi zinciphise ingozi yokuqongelela umswakama. I-engeli nokuqondisa kwezibani zelanga ezibekwe odongeni ngokuphathelene nendlela ilanga elihamba ngayo usuku lonke kunquma amandla abambwayo nsuku zonke. Ukubeka ngokucophelela izibani zelanga ezisebenza odongeni phakathi nesigaba sokufakwa kuthinta ngokuqondile ukusebenza okunokwethenjelwa kweminyaka eminingi futhi kunciphise ukwehluleka ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Ukuthi isiphakathi sokugcina amanzi kusobala njani ukuphila kwezilayithi zokugcina amanzi zasezulu?
Iziphakathi sokugcina amanzi njenge-IP65 zibonisa ubude bekuphatha izilayithi zokugcina amanzi zasezulu ngamandla okugcina amanzi. Iziphakathi eziphakeme kune-IP zihambisana nezilayithi zokugcina amanzi zasezulu okuthi zingathola ukuthi zizamele ngamandla okugcina amanzi noma zizamele kuzo ngokufanele ngaphansi kwamanzi ngokuxhaswa. Izilayithi zokugcina amanzi zasezulu ezinomlando wokugcina amanzi angafanele zivumela ukuthi amanzi afulule embonini yazo, okubangela ukuthi zihlabe, zikwazi ukuthi zifanele kakhulu, nokufa kwesibhakabhaka. Ukuthenga izilayithi zokugcina amanzi zasezulu ezinomlando wokugcina amanzi okufanele kwezinsuku zakho ziyakusiza ukuthi isistimu sokubeka izilayithi siyagcinwa kuzo ngamandla okugcina amanzi, ukuthi kungabikho ukuthi kuhlele kanye nokuthi kungabikho ukuthi kuhlele kwezinsuku zakho zokusebenza.
Ubude bendawo yokusebenza kwezilayithi zokugcina amanzi zasezulu kuyini?
Amasolayi okuhle okwesikhangeli esihlukaniswe ngokuphakeme kusenziwa kahle kusukela ema-5 kuze kuma-10 noma kude kakhulu uma abuyiselwe kahle futhi abuyiselwe emizimbeni eyodwa. Isikhathi sokusebenza kwamasolayi okwesikhangeli esihlukaniswe ngokuphakeme kusenziwa kahle kuyaphenduka kakhulu ngokubaluleka kwesibhakabhaka, ukubhekana nempilo yomhlaba, nokwenza izindlela zokuhlela. Amasolayi okwesikhangeli esihlukaniswe ngokuphakeme kusenziwa kahle ekhaya lezinkambu ezingavumelekile noma ngezindlela zokuhlela ezingavumelekile kungadliwa ema-2 kuze kuma-3, kodwa amasolayi okwesikhangeli esihlukaniswe ngokuphakeme kusenziwa kahle ekhaya lezinkambu ezingavumelekile noma ngezindlela zokuhlela ezingavumelekile kungadliwa ema-10. Amaphaneli we-solar kumasolayi okwesikhangeli esihlukaniswe ngokuphakeme kusenziwa kahle kuyabuyisa isibhakabhaka, okuyisibhakabhaka esiyodwa esingasiza kakhulu uma sibuyisela ngokuphakeme kusenziwa kahle uma sibuyisela ngokuphakeme kusenziwa kahle.
Ngabe amasolayi okwesikhangeli esihlukaniswe ngokuphakeme kusenziwa kahle ayasebenza kahle emazulwini athi aqondwa?
Izilayili zokugcina esikheni sokuzimela kusakha kufuna ukusebenza emazulwini apho kunezinkanyezi, kodwa ukusebenza kwazo nokude kuyaphendula kwezinkumbulo zokugcina nezinkumbulo zokuzimela zokuzimela. Izilayili zokugcina esikheni sokuzimela okwenzelwe ngokuphelele emazulwini apho akukho inkanyezi ziyasebenza ngokubanzi kwezinkumbulo zokuzimela nezinkumbulo zokugcina ezinkulu ukuze zihlanganise ukungafiki inkanyezi yasikhathi esinye. Emazulwini apho kunezinkanyezi zonke izinsuku, izilayili zokugcina esikheni sokuzimela kusakha kufuna ukuthi zisepheka isikhathi esincane sokusebenza ngamasonto noma zibiza ubuncane bezilayili kulokhu kusakha kwezilayili eziphakeme. Ukukhetha izilayili zokugcina esikheni sokuzimela nezinkumbulo zokuzimela ezihigh-efficiency nezinkumbulo zokugcina ezinkulu ziyakuvumela ukusebenza kahle nakho emazulwini apho kunezinkanyezi, njengoko kubhekene nesimo sezinsuku zokuzimela.
